Prime Minister Narendra Modi's recent visit to Tokyo for the 15th India-Japan Annual Summit marked a significant strengthening of the "special strategic and global partnership" between the two nations. A pivotal outcome was Japan's commitment to invest 10 trillion yen in India over the next decade, doubling the previous target and highlighting a robust economic alliance.

The summit established a detailed roadmap for future cooperation, prioritising sectors such as investment, innovation, economic security, environment, technology, health, and mobility. Both sides launched an Economic Security Initiative, focusing on supply chain resilience in critical areas like semiconductors, critical minerals, pharmaceuticals, information and communication technologies, and clean energy.

High-technology collaboration emerged as a key priority, with the launch of the Japan-India AI Initiative to enhance cooperation on large language models and data centres, alongside Digital Partnership 2.0. PM Modi underscored the synergy between "Japanese technology and Indian talent" as a "winning combination". 

A landmark agreement includes ISRO and JAXA partnering for the Chandrayaan-5 lunar polar exploration mission. The leaders also reaffirmed their commitment to a rules-based Indo-Pacific and planned for the exchange of 500,000 people over the next five years, including skilled professionals.